A pure softwarebased attestation solution is highly desirable for protecting legacy field devices that lack hardware root of trust e. Uw computer security and cryptography reading group. Softwarebased attestation for embedded devices swatt 10 is an example of a softwarebased security solution. In 2 we published several attacks against softwarebased attestation techniques on embedded systems. In swatt, an external verifier challenges other nodes. Misconfiguration detection mechanisms giventhat dds already targets embedded systems environments, we address thecase in which remote attestation is achieved for embedded platformsrunning dds applications. More powerful devices equipped with a trusted platform module tpm are verified through trusted hardware while others are verified through softwarebased attestation. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda.
Softwarebased attestation for embedded devices we expect a future where we are surrounded by embedded devices, ranging from. Their work on embedded systems only works for devices that can communicate only with the verifier which cannot be guaranteed for handsets with bluetooth or. On the reliability of wireless sensors with softwarebased. An adversary can compromise our privacy and safety by maliciously modifying the memory contents of. It aims at verifying the software integrity of typically resourceconstrained embedded devices. Several softwarebased attestation techniques on embedded devices have been proposed as potentially enabling firmware verification. Softwarebased attestation, or swatt, was a method of attestation first introduced in 2004. Scalable embedded device attestation acm conference on computer and communications security ccs, 2015. However, security guarantees of softwarebased attestation methods rely on strong assumptions, such as the adversary being passive while the attestation. The lack of dedicated hardware and the impossibility to physically access devices to be attested, makes attestation of embedded devices, in applications such as wireless sensor networks, a prominent challenge. Secure and efficient softwarebased attestation for. Secure and efficient softwarebased attestation for industrial control. Our formulation of oei captures the integrity of both control. Embedded platform attestation based on novel processorbased pufs joonho kong1, farinaz koushanfar1, praveen k.
Attestation of embedded devices introduction paper summary. The novelty that this method provides is that, in addition to the checksum result itself, the verifier uses the time it took the node to respond as validation. Our scheme is very e cient and wellsuited for resource constrained, embedded devices cf. Software attestation has become a popular and challenging research topic at many established security conferences with an expected strong impact in practice. Softwarebased attestation for peripherals springerlink. It guarantees that the software running on the embedded devices are uncompromised without any hardware support. Ra is especially applicable to lowend embedded devices that are incapable of defending themselves against malware infection. In general, all current softwareonly techniques rely on strong. In the work at hand we investigate in detail the trustability of a purely softwarebased remote code attestation based inference mechanism over the wireless when e. We present a novel approach to remote attestation which is based on loadtime authentication. In this work, we propose a softwarebased attestation technique for peripherals that verifies the firmware integrity of a peripheral and detects malicious changes with a high probability, even in the face of. The assumption is that a malicious node will contain at least one line of code that is different than the clean code.
Softwarebased attestation for embedded devices we expect a future where we are surrounded by embedded devices, ranging from javaenabled cell phones to sensor networks and. In this paper, we propose a softwarebased attestation technique swatt to verify the memory contents of embedded devices and establish. Softwarebased attestation provers memory application code verifier verifier nonce. Citeseerx comments on refutation of on the difficulty. Secure code update for embedded devices via proofs of. Practical and secure softwarebased attestation core. Attestation is useful to establish trust in a remote device traditional attestation not applicable to iot settings too heavy. Even a small increase in per device cost leads to a signi. Swatt does not need physical access to the devices memory, yet provides memory content attestation similar to tcg or ngscb without requiring secure hardware. However, for the large population of field devices with arm processors, existing softwarebased attestation schemes either. Although the paper contains many useful points, unfortunately, it also contains numerous errors and inaccuracies which we would like to rectify with this note. This is in contrast to more powerful devices both embedded.
Softwarebased attestation of embedded devices aur elien francillon, claude castelluccia, daniele perito, claudio soriente october 20, 2010 abstract in 2 we published several attacks against softwarebased attestation techniques on embedded systems. This document is a response to a refutation 8 from perrig and van doorn. The replacement of hardware attestation with software mechanisms enable faster provisioning of iot devices to the network. Softwarebased attestation methods for embedded devices have been proposed without the requirement of physical access to the device or secure hardware 38. Remote software based attestation in the internet of things. We provide detailed explanations that shows that most of the comments in 8 are either inaccurate, overlooking some fundamental properties. In such a context, softwarebased attestation is deemed as a promising solution to validate their software integrity. In contrast, softwarebased attestation 24,29,47,48 require neither secure hardware nor cryptographic secrets. To summarize, hardwarebased attestation techniques are not quite practical for current and legacy lowcost embedded systems.
Softwarebased attestation 23, 26, 28 is a promising solu tion for verifying the trustworthiness of inexpensive, resource constrained sensors, because it does not. Code attestation is instrumental to many applications, such as remote detection of malicious code such as trojan horses and viruses in embedded systems and gives an assurance that critical embedded systems are running the correct code. Several softwarebased attestation techniques have been proposed that either rely on tight time constraints or on the lack of free space to store malicious code. On the difficulty of softwarebased attestation of embedded devices. A comprehensive security analysis of and an implementation framework for embedded software attestation methods leveraging fpgabased systemonachip architectures. Pendyala2, ahmadreza sadeghi3, and christian wachsmann4 1dept. In this paper, we propose a softwarebased attestation technique swatt to verify the memory contents of embedded devices and establish the absence of malicious changes to the memory contents.
However, some basic assumptions that underlie these techniques are uncertain 34 and several attacks1 on softwarebased attestation schemes have been demonstrated, e. Swatt is an external attestation scheme for wsns using pseudorandom memory traversal. If we use swatt to verify code running on embedded systems in a car. The lack of dedicated hardware and the impossibility to. Vrased instantiates a hybrid hwsw ra codesign aimed at lowend embedded systems, e. In this paper, we propose a softwarebased attestation technique swatt to verify the memory contents of embedded devices and establish the absence of. Softwarebased attestation for embedded devices 2004. To support the attestation of lowresource devices, two kinds of works are proposed. It is desirable for the devices to be cheap to manufacture so any extra hardware might become costly. We expect a future where we are surrounded by embedded devices, ranging from javaenabled cell phones to sensor networks and smart appliances.
We present results from several largescale studies that measured the quantity and distribution of exploitable vulnerabilities within embedded devices in the world. Softwarebased attestation for embedded devices core. Practical analysis framework for softwarebased attestation scheme li li 1, hong hu, jun sun2, yang liu3, and jin song dong1 1 national university of singapore 2 singapore university of technology and design 3 nanyang technological university abstract. One mechanism that helps to create attestation without extra hardware is to use software based attestation.
Device attestation is an essential feature in many security protocols and applications. However, smart embedded devices are resourceconstrained and may not support these hardware features. An adversary can compromise our privacy and safety by maliciously modifying the memory contents of these embedded devices. Softwarebased attestation for embedded devices, year.
Whereas, stateoftheart in softwarebased attestation o ers unclear or, at best, ad hoc security guarantees. Several softwarebased attestation techniques have been proposed that either rely on tight time. Using softwarebased attestation for verifying embedded. Unpredictable softwarebased attestation solution for node. In addition, a randomized memory region for attestation is used in mtra to increase the entropy of the attestation responses. We then design and build a system, oat, that enables remote oei attestation for armbased baremetal embedded devices. Comments on refutation of on the di culty of software. Verifiable remote attestation for simple embedded devices. However, designing softwarebased attestation protocols are shown to. Thecommunication between the embedded devices and the verifier can then beachieved using the secure protocol. A security framework for the analysis and design of. In an environment where we are sur roundedby embeddeddevices, we thus needmechanisms to attest the current memory contents of the devices, to detect when an attacker altered the software or con.
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